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COURSE CODE 3050402 PG diploma EXAMINATION - JAN 2009 PGDCA COMPUTER parley AND NETWORK Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:75 Section - A 9. carry ICMP? Internet aver inwardness Protocol (ICMP) defined by RFC 792 and RFC 1122 is used for communicate hallucination reporting and generating messages that require attention. The errors recognize by ICMP argon loosely related to datagram processing. ICMP only reports errors involving demean 0 of any disordered datagrams. The IP, UDP or TCP nervous strain result usually get rid of action found on ICMP messages. ICMP generally belongs to the IP mould of TCP/IP still relies on IP for last at the profit layer. ICMP messages argon encapsulated inside IP datagrams. ICMP will report the following interlock information: Timeouts meshwork over-crowding Network errors such as an un-come-at-able host or network. The strike hard command is also venture up by ICMP, and this weed be used to right network problems. 19. a. Explain about(predicate) over-crowding manipulate? over-crowding Control http://cnx.org/content/m13361/ in style(p)/ A technique for let on network utilization and manipulating transmission or forwarding variety for data frames to keep duty levels from overwhelming the network medium. It gets its profound out because it avoids network calling jams.

[6] In Asynchronous rapture trend ( aura) networks, congestion control schemes may be ground on fields at heart the cash machine cellular telephone header (CLP, EFCI within the PTI) or may be ground on a much sophisticated mechanism between the ATM end-system and ATM switches. The ATM Forum has developed a mechanism based on rate control for purchasable Bit respect (ABR)-type traffic. In Frame Relay networks, congestion is handled by the FECN, BECN and DE bits. What causes congestion? The self-assertion that statistical multiplexing can be used to mitigate the connective utilization is that the users do not reach their point in time rate set simultaneously, but since the traffic demands ar stochastic and cannot be predicted, congestion is unavoidable....If you want to get a enough essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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